Thursday, October 31, 2019

The role of self-service technology within service retailing Essay

The role of self-service technology within service retailing - Essay Example Marketers should advance SSTs more aggressively by defining SST interfaces and their goals through a concrete SST strategy. Airliners should develop marketing strategies for their SSTs that revolve around delivering higher customer value, by boosting awareness for SST in diverse means and locations, where they can educate consumers about their uses and benefits. Airliners should also regularly assess internal and external customer satisfaction with SST through a mixed survey and in-depth interview approach, where antecedents and consequences of SST are examined and tested. These studies should help further align SSTs with the firm's strategic goals and objectives, where both internal and external customer satisfaction are met. Advancements in technology and the increasing demand to cut costs have been some of the several factors that have driven the development of self-service technologies (SSTs) in service industries. SSTs refer to â€Å"technological interfaces that enable customers to produce a service independent of direct service employee involvement† . Some examples of SSTs are interactive voice response systems, online shopping, and kiosks that help consumers gather information and make buying decisions. Studies have shown that SSTs has its promises, as well as its weaknesses, which marketers should be aware of and respond to. (Karp 2008; Meuter et al. 2000). SSTs have a large role to play in the airline sector, because they can improve operational efficiency, competitiveness, and customer service and satisfaction (Karp 2008; Meuter et al. 2000). This paper aims to explore the definitions, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and current trends of SST for airliners. Definitions SST is â€Å"defined as a technological interface that allows customers to produce and consume services without direct assistance from employees† (Meuter et al., 2000 cited in Curran and Meuter 2007, 283). This definition demonstrates that SST is primarily a service interaction that precludes human interaction. Cunningham, Young, and Gerlach (2008), nevertheless, included technologies that significantly decrease the â€Å"involvement† of service representatives (p.719). They believe that SSTs should also include technologies that have some form of human interface. The key terms used in

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Response Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response Paper - Coursework Example The writer also sheds light on the fact that Eastern Cherokee community is not only self-sufficient but also they are producing surplus goods to be sold in other markets (David M. Wishart, 1995). Answer: The author has used different ways of rezoning and evidence. For example, he has discussed the issue of removal of Eastern Cherokees who are predominantly farmers and producing surplus. The author has provided many tables in this paper that present statistical data that supports the fact that these people are producing surplus. Answer: To some extent, the writer believes that the demand of white people to sideline Eastern Cherokee community is not valid. These people still follow their tribal norms that passed on from hundreds of years. These people are socially and economically lag behind the mainland United States people. Due to these reasons many white nationalist people demanded that Eastern Cherokee people must not be able to participate in market economy system of the United States because they will make the nation’s economic determinants and statistics bad. Removal. The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1995), pp. 120-138. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2123770 .Accessed: 17/11/2013

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Analysis of Indias Advertising Industry

Analysis of Indias Advertising Industry Indian Advertising Industry: An  Introduction Introduction The Indian advertising industry has evolved from being a small-scaled business to a full-fledged industry. The advertising industry is projected to be the second fastest growing advertising market in Asia after China. It is estimated that by 2018, the share of ad spend in Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be around 0.45 per cent. The Indian government has given tremendous support to the advertising and marketing industry. Advertising expenditure is likely to increase in the financial sector, driven by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) policies which could result in a more favourable business environment. Also, proposed licences for new banks and better market sentiments render the advertising and marketing industry in India a fertile space. Market  size Indias Advertising industry is expected to grow at a rate of 16.8 per cent year-on-year to Rs 51,365 crore (US$ 7.61 billion) in 2016, buoyed by positive industry sentiment and a strong GDP growth of 7 per cent and above. Indias digital advertising market has grown at a fast pace of 33 per cent annually between 2010 and 2015, while spending as a percentageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °of total advertising increased to 13 per cent or nearly US$ 1 billion in 2015. Print contributes a significant portion to the total advertising revenue, accounting for almost 41.2 per cent, whereas TV contributes 38.2 per cent, and digital contributes 11 per cent of the total revenue. Outdoor, Radio and Cinema make up the balance 10%. Of the current Rs 2,750 crore (US$ 407.66 million) digital advertisement market, search and display contribute the most search advertisements constitute 38 per cent of total advertisement spends followed by display advertisement at 29 per cent, as per the study. The Internets share in total advertising revenue is anticipated to grow twofold from eight per cent in 2013 to 16 per cent in 2018. Online advertising, which was estimated at Rs 2,900 crore (US$ 429.9 million) in 2013, could jump threefold to Rs 10,000 crore (US$ 1.48 billion) in five years, increasing at a compound annual rate of 28 per cent Advertising agencies in the country too have taken a leap. They have come a long way from being small and medium sized industries to becoming well known brands in the business. Mudra,OgilvyandMathew(OM),McCannEricsonn,Rediffussion,LeoBurnettare some of the top agencies of the country. Indian economy is on a boom and the market is on a continuous trail of expansion. With the market gaining grounds Indian advertising has every reason to celebrate. Businesses are looking up to advertising as a tool to cash in on lucrative business opportunities. Growth in business has lead to a consecutive boom in the advertising industry as well. The Indian advertising today handles both national and international projects. This is primarily because of the reason that the industry offers a host of functions to its clients that include everything from start to finish that include client servicing, media planning, media buying, creative conceptualization, pre and post campaign analysis, market research, marketing, branding, and public relation services. Keeping in mind the current pace at which the Indian advertising industry is moving the industry is expected to witness a major boom in the times ahead. If the experts are to be believed then the industry in the coming times will form a major contribution to the GDP. With al this there is definitely no looking back for the Indian advertising industry that is all set to win accolades from the world over. Advertisement  Spending  Sector  Wise Advertisement  Spending  Sector  Wise Introduction The issue of TV advertising and children has always been quite controversial. In past hundreds of studies have been conducted on this topic. Some of these studies are based on the observation of children in experimental situations. By their use of a non-verbal research method, these studies have the advantage of avoiding misrepresentation caused by some childrens verbal skills whenresponding to verbal tests. The disadvantage of this type of experimental research,however, is that the real-life validity of the results is sometimes quite low. Similarly, research data based on the actual questioning of children should be treated with caution, since younger children especially misunderstand the questions, lack the verbal techniques to provide an adequate answer, or are simply intimidated by the presence of the researcher. In this study, I chose a third method: to obtain evidence related to TV advertising and children by questioning childrens parents. Parental attitudes towards the issue of TV advertising and children are of utmost importance to this issue, given the role played by the parents in a great many aspects of their childrens lives. LITERATURE  SURVEY The marketers and advertisers have shown keen interest on the market segment of childrens product and services; conducted surveys on children television advertising containing trade publications. Involvement of Academicians on the research studies of children research during the period of 1980 was reduced to the amount of publication on the products of children.1 A little publication was done to the childrens television. Investigation had showed that animation which was used to the adult target audience, now using for the children programming especially in the commercials for games, toys, candies, cereals, etc. A study on the content analysis of television advertising of today children has focused on the change or growth in presentation of advertisements over the period. The findings concluded in the study were as: The male voice-over is still predominant in advertising 32 The advertisement which has focused on personal gain to fun and happiness of children, now focused on childrens product performance. In the study conducted on evaluation of research pertaining to children and advertising by Jeffry Gold Slain in four countries namely Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands and Britain; found little evidence to supporting the position that the children are vulnerable to advertising. He opined that the influence of mass media is more on children than on parents and playmates. The argument is that the commercial advertisement creates wants in children and bring pester power on their parents for the products advertisement. In fact, the parents succumb to their childrens demands assuming to be true despite paucity of support evidence. Jeffry Gold Slain believes that the influence of children has come by the advertisers from so many directions which have no critical examination. The Task-force of the American Psychological Association had conducted a study on children and observed that children under the age of 8 years are unable to comprehend critically the televised advertising messages and are prone to accept the advertised messages as truthful, accurate and unbiased. This can lead to unhealthy eating food-habits as evidenced by todays youth obesity epidemic. The Association sums up that advertising targeting children under the age of eight is to be restricted.4 When the cable culture was in rise in India, a study on the impact of television advertising on children in Delhi in 1992 by NamithaUnnikrisnan and ShailajaBajpai has found that: More than 70 per cent of children in the age group of 8 to 15 years want to own products advertised on television 33 Children favourite advertisements included airline advertisement Perception of children about television advertising is one of the most important influencers in childrens lives and watching television more than ever before. Advertisement is only likely to increase with time as television services extend their reach and offer greater viewing option Advertisement targeted children acts powerfully and promotes consumer culture and the values associated with it Advertisement, hence, is an investment for the future and the manufacturers expect high pay-off many times over   Ã‚  

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Usage Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Usage All ears were listening intently at what the professor had to say on the subject. Many viewers were in shock and disbelief at what some of the potential medical uses of marijuana are. At the conclusion of the lecture, many whispers filled the courtroom and the judge entered from behind his desk and sat down. Richard Johnson sat in silence waiting in anticipation to hear what he had to say. Johnson and his wife Ellen, were arrested August 24 and charged with numerous drug-related offenses. Authorities seized approximately 1,030 live and dead marijuana plants, worth between $300,000 and $900,000, at their house. The judge positioned his glasses on the tip of his nose and stated, " The Johnsons have pleaded guilty to one charge of cultivating marijuana for the use of terminal cancer patients in conjunction with their chemotherapy treatment. At this time you may be dismissed and this case will resume next week." Richard and Ellen were handcuffed and taken back to their jail cells where they had plenty of time to think about their mishaps. Outside the courtroom, Johnson's attorney, Roger Simms, said he hoped Harvard psychiatry professor's testimony Monday would educate people on various medical benefits of marijuana. Simms stated that there are many books on the subject containing the history of medical use dating back 3,000 years in China. The Chinese emperor, Shen Neng, introduced many pharmaceutical drugs including marijuana. Emperor Shen Neng prescribed marijuana tea for malaria, beriberi, rheumatism, and curiously, poor memory (Earleywine, M. 2002). Marijuana eventually spread from China to India. The sacred Indian text, Atharvaveda, listed marijuana as a holy pl... ...ana. New York: Oxford University Eustice, Carol. (2004). Medicinal Marijuana: A Continuing Controversy. Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://arthritis.about.com/cs/medmarijuana/a/ marijuanadebate.htm Medicinal marijuana: the struggle for legalization.(1997). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9702/weed.wars/issues/background/ Medicinal Marijuana.(2000, August - September). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.hc-/sc.gc.ca/english/feature/magazine/2000_08/marijuana.htm Medicinal Marijuana. (2002). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.cannabis-/ seeds.biz/medicinal-marijuana.htm Roffman, R. (1982). Marijuana as Medicine. Washington: Madrona Pubishers Savage, David G. & Bailey, Eric. (2003, October). Medical Marijuana Cause Boosted. Retrieved March 30, 2004 from http://www.cannabisnews.com/news/thread 17573.shtml

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Quality Of Life Thalassemia Patients Health And Social Care Essay

Thalassemia is familial upset of blood characterized by anaemia. It is the most common individual cistron upset in the universe with bulk of new instances in the development states. Thalassemia is a chronic disease in which patients can non do plenty good quality haemoglobin to prolong life. Therefore these ruddy cells break down prematurely ensuing in terrible anaemia. Epidemiology It is prevailing in the antecedently malaria endemic zones all over the universe. The planetary thalassaemia bearer frequence is about 5 % . It is widely prevailing in Bangladesh with bearer frequence of 7 % among which 4 % HbE bearers and 3 % beta thalassaemia bearers. It is estimated that 7000 new babes born with thalassaemia each twelvemonth. Thalassemia patients undergo womb-to-tomb blood transfusion and Fe chelation. WHO defines quality of life as â€Å" an person ‘s perceptual experience of their place in life in the context of the civilization and value systems in which they live and in relation to their ends, outlooks, criterions and concerns. It is a wide ranging construct affected in a complex manner by the individual ‘s physical wellness, psychological province, personal beliefs, societal relationships and their relationship to salient characteristics of their environment. â€Å" 1RationaleHemoglobin upsets are an emerging planetary wellness job. The quality of life surveies in developed states revealed important lessening in QOL due to hard and long term intervention. Though the disease is rather common in Bangladesh, there was no survey conducted on health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in Bangladesh and hazard indexs associated with it. There is scarceness of published research in thalassaemia in Bangladesh. A PubMed hunt with keyword ‘Thalassemia Bangladesh ‘ returned merely 13 consequences. Most diseases have a major impact on the afflicted single above and beyond mortality. Diseases that may non be deadly may be associated with considerable agony and disablement. For this ground, it is besides of import to see the impact of a disease as measured by its consequence on a individual ‘s quality of life, even though such step are non, in fact, steps of disease happening. For illustration, it is possible to analyze the extent to which patients with thalassemia rheniums compromised by the unwellness in transporting out activities of day-to-day life. Although considerable contention exists about which quality of life steps are most appropriate and valid there is general understanding that such steps can be reasonability used to be after short-run intervention plan for groups of patient. Such patients can be evaluated over a period of months to find the consequence of the intervention on their ego reported quality of life. Quality of life steps have besides been used for set uping precedences for scarce wellness attention resources. Although prioritization of wellness attention resources is frequently chiefly based on mortality informations, because many diseases are chronic and non life threatening, quality of life must besides be taken into history for this intent. Patients may put different weights on different quality of life steps depending on cultural background, instruction, and for illustration, spiritual values. As a consequence mensurating quality of life and developing valid indices that are utile for obtaining comparative informations in different patients and in different populations remain a major challenge. 2Conceptual ModelResearch QuestionWhat is the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in the selected centres? What are the hazard indexs associated with the wellness related quality of life of thalassaemia patients?AimGeneral ObjectiveTo find the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in selected centres and designation of the associated hazard indexs.Specific aimTo mensurate the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in selected centres To compare the wellness related quality of life in this survey with antecedently published surveies. To happen out the hazard indexs that influences wellness related quality of life.List of variablesDependent VariablesHealth Related Quality of Life ( HRQOL )Independent VariablesSocio-demographic variables Age Sexual activity Religion Highest instruction ( in old ages ) Area of abode District of abode Highest instruction of household caput Occupation of the household caput Family income Number of siblings Number of thalassaemia among the siblings Disease and intervention related variables Type of thalassaemia Age of first diagnosing Blood group Requires blood transfusion Age of first transfusion Transfusion interval Pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree Duration since last transfusion Serum ferritin degree Type of Fe chelator Regularity of Fe chelator Splenectomy Date of splenectomy Complications i.e. Hepatitis B, C Visit to specialist physician for thalassaemia Physical scrutiny variables Height Weight Liver size Spleen size Facial alterations Composite variables Body mass index Height for age z mark BMI for age z markOperational Definition of the VariablesHealth Related Quality of Life ( HRQOL ) : Individual ‘s ability to map physically, emotionally and socially within his/her environment at a degree consistent with his or her outlook measured utilizing structured and good validated tool PedsQL. Age: Age of the respondent calculated in old ages by subtracting day of the month of birth from day of the month of interview. If day of the month of birth is non available, age in accomplished old ages is taken alternatively. Highest instruction: Highest formal instruction of the respondent calculated in figure of old ages. Area of abode: Residence of the respondent in footings of belonging to metropolis, town and small town. City is defined as the big and of import town such i.e. divisional centres. Town is defined as the population centre smaller than metropoliss i.e. territory central office. Highest instruction of household caput: Highest formal instruction of the household caput calculated in figure of old ages. Family income: Monthly income of the caput of the household along with income of the other household members. Number of siblings: Number of siblings of the respondent. Number of thalassemics among the siblings: Number of siblings enduring from thalassaemia other than the respondent himself. Type of thalassaemia: Respondent or parent reported thalassemia type as diagnosed in the haemoglobin cataphoresis. The common types are Beta thalassaemia and Hb E beta thalassaemia. Age of diagnosing: The age at which thalassaemia was foremost diagnosed in the respondent. Blood group: Blood group and Rh type of the respondent. Requires blood transfusion: Weather the respondent requires blood transfusion of keeping life. Age of first transfusion: The age at which the respondent received foremost blood transfusion. Transfusion interval: Respondent or parent reported usual interval between blood transfusions. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin degree: Respondent or parent reported pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree during last 3 months. Duration since last transfusion: Duration since last blood transfusion calculated from last day of the month of transfusion as reported by respondent or parent. Serum ferritin degree: Serum ferritin degree in ng/L in last six month as reported by the respondent or parent. Type of Fe chelator: Type of Fe chelator taken by the respondent. The options are desferrioxamine, deferiporne, deferasirox or combination of these drugs. Regularity of Fe chelator: Weather the respondent takes the drugs daily or as prescribed. Splenectomy: If splenectomy was done. Date of splenectomy: Date or twelvemonth of the splenectomy as reported by respondent or parent. Complications i.e. Hepatitis B, C: Weather any complication ensuing from intervention of thalassaemia is present i.e. hepatitis B, hepatitis degree Celsius, diabetes, bosom disease, hypothyroidism and growing deceleration. Visit to specialist physician for thalassaemia: If the respondent visits specialist physician for thalassaemia and continuance since last visit to a specializer physician. Height: Height of the respondent measured in centimetre utilizing height base. Weight: Weight of the respondent measured in kg utilizing bathroom graduated table. Liver size: Size of the liver in centimetre signifier costal border along the mid costal line. Spleen size: Size of the lien in centimetre from the costal border along the axis of the spleen towards navel. Facial alterations: Facial alterations scored harmonizing to three standards i.e. bossing of the skull, giantism of zygoma, dental malformation. Each standard was scored 0-4 and amount of all standards used as the concluding mark.Review of Related LiteratureInternational PerspectiveIt is estimated that more than 300,000 kids are born with familial disease of haemoglobin each twelvemonth among which about 80 % born in low to income countries.3Regional PositionNational PerspectiveQOL A survey of hurting in the thalassaemia patient used SF-36v2 wellness study for adult/adolescent and kids were used PF-28 child wellness questionnaire.4 Iron Chelation Therapy ConformityPainThe progresss in the intervention of thalassaemia have resulted in increased life anticipation 5. The drawn-out life spans have exposed antecedently unidentified issues like bodily hurting. A survey conducted in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network ( TRCN ) among 265 adults/adolescent and 103 kids with thalassemia 69 % of adult/adolescent reported bodily hurting with at least 28 % reported at least moderate hurting. Parent reported hurting in 56 % of kids while merely 11 % reported pain reasonably frequently. Though there was no difference in the hurting in kids with thalassaemia compared with the general population, hurting increased significantly with age. The survey besides showed that increased hurting is associated with lessening in quality of life and increased anxiousness and depression. 4 : Methodology This survey was done to happen out the wellness related quality of life of the thalassaemia patient in the selected centres in Dhaka metropolis and hazard indexs associated with it. The undermentioned methodological analysis was followed to carry on the survey.Study DesignA cross-sectional survey was designed to measure the HRQOL and associated hazard indexs. Figure 1: Conventional diagram of a cross-sectional surveyStudy PeriodThe entire survey period accounted 6 months from January 2010 to June 2010. During this period a scope of activity was undertaken get downing from title choice, protocol readying, protocol presentation, informations aggregation, informations cleansing, information analysis, study composing and printing. The clip allocated for informations aggregation by class coordinator was from 18 April 2010 to 7 May 2010. The elaborate work agenda is appended in AnnexureA -A 1.Study LocationThis survey was done on thalassaemia patients came at 3 centres in the Dhaka metropolis viz. ASHA -Thalassemia Center, Bangladesh Thalassemia Society and Thalassemia Hospital and Red Crescent Blood Center. Dhaka Shishu Hospital Thalassemia Center was planned as one of the sites in the initial protocol, but the establishment declined the research worker for informations aggregation. Therefore it was replaced with Red Crescent Blood Center with permission from research usher.Study PopulationThe survey population included all the patients coming to the survey location for outpatient audience and blood transfusion.Study SampleSampling Technique and Sample SizeA convenient sampling was done. All available instances within the informations aggregation period were included in the survey. Overall 120 instances were included in the survey.Calculation of Sample SizeEligibility CriteriaInclusion StandardsExclusion StandardsDevelopment of Research InstrumentA pretested semi structured Bangla questionnaire and checklist was used for informations aggregation. The variables were identified harmonizing to the specific aims and taking the of import variables into consideration which reveled in the literature reappraisal. Then appropriate graduated tables of measuring for these variables were identified and English questionnaire was drafted. After necessary rectification and tuning the English questionnaire was translated into Bangla. Th e questionnaire was so reviewed by research usher and co-workers of the research worker. The PedsQL Core scales 6-11 by James W. Varni was used for appraisal of quality of life with due permission from the writer. The tool consists of 4 ( four ) graduated tables for different age group i.e. Young grownup ( 18-25 ) , adolescent ( 13-18 ) , kid ( 8-12 ) , immature kid ( 5-7 ) . The interlingual rendition of the instrument was carried out harmonizing to the lingual guideline sent by the writer. The purpose was to develop a questionnaire which is conceptually tantamount to the original version, every bit good as clear and easy to understand. The interlingual rendition procedure consisted of three stairss – Forward Translation Backward Translation Patient Testing In each measure a interlingual rendition study was prepared and sent to writer. For interlingual rendition of the PedsQL to Bangla, the research worker appointed two transcribers viz. Dr. Jenny Roslin D'costa and Dr. Tareq Salahuddin and himself acted as the undertaking director for the interlingual rendition procedure as stipulated in the lingual proof guideline. Each the transcriber was given the 4 ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) original PedsQL graduated tables for different age group along with the lingual proof guideline. They were asked to interpret independently. After completion of the interlingual rendition a meeting was arranged on 16.04.2010 for rapprochement of the interlingual renditions. The undertaking director went through all 4 graduated tables one by one. There was no major dissension among the transcribers. They agreed to alter some of the words with equivalent word and rephrased some of the instructions and inquiries. Both the transcriber translated â€Å" walk more than one block † literally. The undertaking director pointed that actual interlingual rendition of western block will transport no significance in Bangla and among the mark population. Therefore he suggested it to be replaced with Bangla equivalent. He quoted Wikipedia mention below to explicate the significance of block. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_block â€Å" Since the spacing of streets in grid programs varies so widely among metropoliss, or even within metropoliss, it is hard to generalise about the size of a metropolis block. However, as mention points, the standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 pess ( 80 m A- 270 m ) ; and in some U.S. metropoliss criterion blocks are every bit broad as 660 pess ( 200 m ) . The blocks in cardinal Melbourne, Australia, are 660 by 330 pess ( 200 m A- 100 m ) , formed by dividing the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the center. † The transcriber discussed the issue and replaced block with â€Å" walking more than 100 paces † which is frequently used in Bangla to intend â€Å" walk a short distance † . After alteration of all four graduated tables ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) version -1 of each paperss was prepared. Dr. Md. Rajib Hossain was appointed for the backward interlingual rendition of Bangla VersionA aˆ‘A 1 of the PedsQL graduated tables ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) and research worker himself acted as the undertaking director. He was besides given the lingual proof guideline and asked non to entree the original graduated tables from cyberspace. After completion of the interlingual rendition a meeting was arranged on 17.04.2010 to compare his interlingual rendition with the original graduated tables. The consequence of the treatment in the meeting is documented in the undermentioned subdivision. The rubric contrary translated as â€Å" list † alternatively of â€Å" stock list † . This is due to non holding a similar word Bangla word. The closest interlingual rendition was synonymous to â€Å" name † and Dr. Hossain accepted it. In the Young Adult Report, Teen Report and Child Report â€Å" walking more than one block † , which was changed to â€Å" walking more than 100 paces † in forward interlingual rendition due to cultural differences was rearward translated same. Dr. Hossain besides agreed on the alterations made. The point 8 â€Å" I have low energy † was reverse translated as â€Å" I feel weak † . Therefore the interlingual rendition in version 1 was updated in version 2 which literally translates to â€Å" I have low energy † . In the emotion subdivision, point 4 â€Å" I worry what will go on to me † translated back as â€Å" I get dying about my hereafter † but it was decided to maintain the current Bangla interlingual rendition. In â€Å" how I get along with others † point 5, there is non actual interlingual rendition of â€Å" equal † hence the contrary interlingual rendition was â€Å" others of my age † which was acceptabl e. The other differences were considered as normal lexical fluctuations. In Young Child Report, â€Å" a batch of job † in the direction subdivision was back translated â€Å" large job † . In the reply options â€Å" a batch † was translated as â€Å" many times † . The difference was due to weak backward interlingual rendition. â€Å" Functioning † in the subdivision rubrics had no actual Bangla word, which was reflected in each of the subdivision rubric. The difference was acceptable. In the first subdivision â€Å" Physical operation † , foremost 6 points was translated as interrogative get downing with â€Å" Do you † . Therefore sentence building was altered to repair it. The other differences in all the graduated tables were considered normal lexical difference transporting the same significance of the original graduated table. The alterations were incorporated in version-1 of the translated graduated table and the version 2 is produced. In the patient proving measure, the research worker found that in the Likert graduated table ( 0-4 ) , patients did non understand the difference of â€Å" frequently † and â€Å" about ever † clearly. Therefore he suggested interlingual rendition of these two points to be modified which retranslate as â€Å" frequently † and â€Å" ever † . However the writer of the tool expressed his concern that altering â€Å" about ever † to â€Å" ever † will cut down your responses at that terminal of the graduated table. He advised to return to â€Å" about ever † which will be helpful in comparing the research worker ‘s findings with other published informations on the PedsQL utilizing a one-sample t-test. The writer suggested utilizing cognitive questioning method to get the better of this issue. The survey questionnaire was besides pretested along with the PedsQL graduated tables. Entire 37 points were included in the concluding questionnaire after necessary all right tuning.Datas Collection PlanThe PedsQL Generic mark tool has 4 graduated tables for different age group of 5-7, 8-12, 13-18 and 18-25 old ages. The sale for 5-7 old ages is interviewer administered while remainders are designed to be self administered. However the research worker communicated the writer of the tool about the low literacy rate which may cut down the pertinence of the ego administered tool. The writer provided a Cognitive Interviewing Guideline, which was applied for questioning all the tools.Data Processing and Analysis PlanAfter aggregation, informations were checked exhaustively for consistence and completeness. Datas were cleaned and edited manually. Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS ) version 16.0 for Windowss was used to analyse the information. Descriptive statistics were compu ted for the demographic variables. Chi-square analysis was carried out to measure the important association of qualitative informations. Datas were presented by tabular arraies and graphs.Quality AssuranceStudy RestrictionsPurposive samplingEthical IssuesThe survey was done through aggregation of informations utilizing questionnaire and neither any intercession nor any invasive process was be undertaken. However, prior to induction of the survey ethical clearance was taken from NIPSOM ethical commission. Before induction of the interview a brief debut on the purpose and aim of the survey was presented to the respondents. They were informed about their full right to take part or decline to take part in the survey. The research worker besides assured the respondents that there was no invasive process included in the survey and all the findings of the survey will be used to steer the service suppliers and policy shapers for the betterment of thalassaemia intervention. A complete confid ence was given to them that all information provided by them will be kept confidential and their names or anything which can place them will non be published or exposed anyplace. Their engagement and part will be acknowledged with due regard. After completion of these processs the interview was started with their due permission. : Consequences This cross sectional survey was conducted among 108 thalassaemia patients in three thalassaemia intervention centre in Dhaka metropolis. The information was analyzed utilizing appropriate descriptive and illative statistical processs and presented in this chapter utilizing tabular arraies and graphs, harmonizing to specific aims where applicable. The determination is organized under the undermentioned subdivisions4.1 Socio-demographic features of the respondents4.2Socio-demographic features of the respondentsData was collected on socio-demographic position of the respondents which is shown in the tabular array xx.xx.Age of the respondentsThe age of the respondent was usually distributed ( One sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, P =0.28 ) with average 13.28 old ages and standard divergence A ±5.19 old ages. There was no important difference of quality of life in one manner ANOVA ( F=1.68, p=0.18 ) among the PedsQL age groups.Table 1: Age distribution of respondents harmonizing to PedsQL age groupsAge groupFrequencyPercentage5-7 old ages 17 15.7 8-12 old ages 44 40.7 13-17 old ages 25 23.1 18-25 old ages 22 20.4 Entire 108 100.0AgeSexual activityReligionHighest instruction ( in old ages )Area of abodeDistrict of abodeHighest instruction of household caputOccupation of the household caputFamily incomeNumber of siblingsNumber of thalassaemia among the siblingsCorrelation analysis and additive and ordinal logistic arrested development were used to pattern forecaster of hurting. Forecasters important in initial analysis, commanding for age, sex, and state, thalassemia diagnosing, regular transfusion, bone denseness, pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree. Partial correlativity, commanding for age and sex, was used to measure the consequence of hurting on quality of life. : DiscussionDiscussion12

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Sylvia Plath Mirror

The paper analyzes the poem â€Å"Mirrorâ€Å", written by Sylvia Plath. What it wants to show are the multiple meanings which depend on the different readers. The paper is intended to show the importance of the â€Å"mirror† and its reflection of the person looking into it. This paper also explains how a poem can serve a writer as an instrument to describe her/his life and feelings on a sheet of paper. Silvia Plath? s husband was abusive to her. She felt lost, she was empty and had no satisfying love in her life. But mess in her life was not caused only by her husband. The purpose of this paper is also to answer the hidden question if these personal things have something in common with the poem and if she was not in some way trying to find her own identity in that â€Å"Mirror†. A short life summary Sylvia Plath was an American poet from Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. She lived a very short thirty-year life which was riddled with stress and depression. In much of her later poetry, Sylvia Plath sought to give birth to a creative or â€Å"deep† self hidden within her. [1] At the age of 20 she tried to commit a suicide. But this try was unsuccessful. She died at the age of 31 – after committing another (but this time successful for her) suicide in 1963. Before she did so, she had written a few confessional poems. The confessional poetry of the mid-twentieth century dealt with subject matter that previously had not been openly discussed in American poetry. Before then, the main issue of poetry implicitly included little of the poet? s private life, instead focusing upon public issues using a detached persona. The new â€Å"confessional† poems removed the mask that poets had been hiding behind and proved an insight into the private lives of the poets. 2] The poem â€Å"Mirror† is also one of the these poems, in which Sylvia exposes her private experiences, feelings and depression. That is why this poem is dark, full of unhappiness, and only picture the world from a pessimistic point of view. Nevertheless, it is not only about her life and feelings, there are many other people involved. What or Who is the â€Å"Mirror† â€Å"Something that truthfully reflects or gives a true picture of something else. †[3] That would be found as a definition of these things in any dictionary. There are many other things with the same function as a mirror. Windows, glasses, lakes and puddles are all means of showing ones reflection. A description used by Sylvia Plath is very similar: â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. What ever I see I swallow immediately. Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. †[4] The â€Å"Mirror† states that whatever it sees it takes in automatically, meaning that it is objective in every way. Does not matter if it is a close friend or an enemy. It does not deal with any feelings, neither love nor hatred. â€Å"I am not cruel, only truthful. The eye of a little god, four-cornered. [5] The mirror? s purpose is not to be cruel, but to be equal. As it relates itself to â€Å"a little god†, it is supposed to be fairly-minded. The function is not to satisfy the subject looking into the mirror by showing him/her the person they want to see , but to display that person the way he/she really is. However, hearing the truth is something very hard to deal with in this life. Would any human being dares to claim: â€Å"I have no preconceptions†? There is very few people whose answer to this question would be â€Å"yes†. Still, Sylvia Plath is one of them. As her life was mostly full of sadness and loneliness, slowly but surely, she had been losing her feelings and interest in the world and in the others. What is to be pointed in this paper is that Sylvia Plath actually represents the â€Å"Mirror†. That it is her, â€Å"†¦meditating on the opposite wall†[6]. Meditate is a human characteristic, so the mirror is taking in a human habit. â€Å"The opposite wall† illustrates other people she is in touch with, e. j. her husband, children and friends. Considering previous times in her life (like getting married and having children) she finds something â€Å"†¦pink, with speckles. After living a certain time of her life with her husband Ted Hughes, he became a part of it and also his name was written deeply in her heart. † I have looked at is so long I think it is a part of my heart. † But this happiness was not neverending, after a few years of marriage, in 1962 the couple separated . It was claimed that Ted had been abusive to her and left Sylvia for another woman. That is why the last line of the first stanza finishes with: â€Å"Faces and darkness separate us over and over. † In the second stanza Plath goes on with the personification even with the shift from a mirror to a lake. It is not represented by her anymore. She stands for a woman â€Å"†¦bending over the lake, searching for what she really is. † That means that a lake provides more reflection than a mirror would have. Plath compares the mirror and the lake because in a mirror a person is not shown deformed but in a lake any little wave or current distorts a person? s surface reflection and show them who they really are underneath the skin. So many times people seem happy and healthy on the outside but in the inside underneath the perfection which Plath had once been is a distortion they hide from the world and never want to let out. And when it does come to light they only â€Å"†¦reward with tears and an agitation of hands. † But despite all of this, in everyone? s there is a hidden desire to know the truth. According to this, would be natural to wonder why everybody is â€Å"†¦turning to those liars, the candles or the moon. † As it is described at the very end of this poem, Plath is not being that young girl anymore. What was reflected in the lake and mirror years ago, is not seen nowadays. â€Å"In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman. † Sylvia, same like nobody else, is not very pleased to see that picture of herself in the lake. Comparing that image to a â€Å"†¦terrible fish,† the reader finds out the Plath? s dissatisfaction with her appearance (not only from the outside but also from the inside). Understanding the poem in general (not considering the writer) Firstly, it is necessary to ask a question what is easier: Telling the truth? or Listening to it? Would not be much easier to lie? What do actually people want to hear? Is it really always the truth what the people are looking for? The thing why these questions has been asked is because in this part the â€Å"mirror† as well as the â€Å"lake† stands for the â€Å"truth†. Mirror† shows here a truly thoughtful look into the different sights and feelings a mirror would have if it were a live conscious being, unable to lie. The truth is nothing else but: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ exact.. with not preconceptions†¦. It reflects the person faithfully. † It is something that gives a person a reason to be delighted or depressed. By this poem and by showing the thoughts and emotions a mirror would emit, Sylvia wants us to look inward towards how we present ourselves to the others and especially to ourselves. It is an eye-opening poem, suggesting to accept yourself the way you are and to present yourself this way. Not to play somebody? s else role, just because he/she is more popular for others. That is preferred to be done nowadays. Acting like others seems to be the easiest way to become popular. We are forgetting that a deal is not acting the way that others do, but being yourself. We find it hard to accept ourselves for who we truly are. But in the end we all must come to face the facts about who we are and how we must accept and come to grips with it before our socially forced ideals consume us forever in a world of self-loathing. And how is it about listening to the truth? According to this poem a woman bends over the lake seeking to find what she truly desire to discover (what is in this case beauty), but the lake truthfully reflects back to her what it sees. But because she does not find the answer she was looking for, she turns from the â€Å"wrong† reflection as if to look for the â€Å"truth† in something else, not expecting what she has just seen. It seems that people prefer â€Å"†¦turning to those liars,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but on the other hand it also states: â€Å"I am important to her. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. It denotes that even if we put the lie in advance, something inside is still interested in knowing the truth. The truth has not been forgotten in this life. It has just been changed for so-called â€Å"little white lies† which slowly but surely have been changing for bigger lies. Still, there is another problem being occurred. Simple question would be: Who wants to get old? The answer would be even easier: nobody. But as it is something natural, something that cannot be changed or stopped, we have to accept it. Nevertheless, not everyone knows how to deal with it. In me she has drown a young girl, and in me an old woman. † And that is why: â€Å"She rewards with tears and an agitation of hands. † This is in many cases our own story as well. Not ready to admit the age, but still reminding it by looking into mirror or lake each day. Each day we are reminded by the mirror of our lost youth and beauty that was once projected back at us so faithfully. From a different point of view In relation to some experts already analyzing this poem, what we see in a mirror, is nothing but what is created by our own psyche, self-perceptions and self-conscience. All a mirror is, is a sketch of what we think and how we feel about ourselves, may it be an image that comes from another? s perception of us or not. So it is only up to us how we decide to see ourselves in there. Conclusion In conclusion, according to Neslihan Ekmekcioglu in Sylvia Plath? s poetry, surfaces which are capable of reflecting images from within such as the mirror, the lake, the moon, indeed, stand for her desperate search for her own identity and the reality of her inner psyche. 7] Nevertheless, it is not only reflecting Sylvia Plath? s life and feelings but it has a lot in common with people living these days. It shows the real problems of nowadays that everyone deals with. Everyone wants to be perfect and it is hard to discover our failure. The same like it is hard to find out the truth about ourselves. But only by learning from our own mistakes we can get better and only by knowing the truth about ourselves we can have a good life.Bibliography http://www.angelfire.com/zine/donnamford/confessional.html http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5650

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Empathy Essays - Social Psychology, Emotions, Psychopathy

Empathy Essays - Social Psychology, Emotions, Psychopathy Empathy A.) In my view, no one person that I know takes pride in their work, a lot do. I believe that all artists and writers take the most pride in their work. They all work long hard hours, getting paid little or none, and once their masterpiece is completed, they are satisfied. They know that it doesn?t matter if they get paid anything (even though it would help) as long as they take pride in their work and are satisfied with their work. These people will only be happy with perfection and will work months and months if not years on a single piece of what expresses their feelings and pride best. This is the way I would like to grow up, happy with my success and my talent. Although I might not grow up being an artist, I feel that these are basic morals that every successful person should have. Some people are talented but do not take pride in their work and they never really become very successful. To me, these are the people who take the most pride in their work, the ! artists and writers. B.) People that I believe that show the most empathy for others are believe it or not, psychiatrists. It is part of their everyday job putting themselves in someone else?s shoes. They imagine how they would react and feel if they were experiencing how the people that they are counseling are feeling. They also imagine how they would react and what they feel would be the best solution to the problem. This characteristic that they display is a great example of empathy in my mind. It is easy enough to suggest a solution to one?s problem but it takes a hard thinking person to make their mindset the same as the person in need. As I grow up, I hope to acquire this trait. I believe that right now, I do not try to put myself in someone else?s shoes but it is something I am trying to work on. Some people may disagree, but I believe that these are the most empathetic people there are.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Hand Sanitizer Fire Project - Instructions

Hand Sanitizer Fire Project - Instructions Here is an easy fire project that produces flames cool enough for you to hold. The secret ingredient? Hand sanitizer! Hand Sanitizer Fire Materials Be sure your hand sanitizer lists ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol as the active ingredient. Other chemicals may not work or they may burn too hot. Hand sanitizer gelLighter or match Instructions On a fire-proof surface, make a pattern using the gel.Ignite the edge of the gel. The flame will spread.If you like, you can touch the flame. Be careful! Although the hand sanitizer flame is relatively cool, its still fire and it can burn you. Colored Fire You can mix colorants into the hand sanitizer gel to produce a colored flame. Boric acid or borax (found in cleaners and pest control products) will produce a green flame. Potassium chloride (lite salt) will give you a purple flame. You can create cool special effects by applying the burning gel to other surfaces. For example, coating a metal object will form a halo of flame around it, which makes a great effect for photos. If you choose to coat a flammable object (e.g. a stuffed animal or a cardboard shape), soak it in water first. While this wont completely protect flammable matter from damage, it will keep it from bursting into flame. Watch the video of this project. How to Put the Fire Out Because hand sanitizer is a mixture of water and alcohol, once some of the alcohol burns, the water puts the fire out on its own. How quickly this happens depends on the specific product youre using but its usually around 10 seconds. If you want to put out the flames before that, you can simply blow them out, as you would a candle. Its also safe to douse the flame with water or suffocate it by covering it with the lid of a pot. About Hand Sanitizer Fire Hand sanitizer has applications beyond killing germs. Gels that contain ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol produce a relatively cool flame that is made more manageable by the high percentage of water in the product. You can use the gel to draw with fire or for projects in which you need to hold fire. Keep in mind, the flame is still hot enough to burn you if you hold it too long and it can also ignite paper, fabrics, etc. Take care to perform this project in a safe location, away from flammable material. As with any fire project, its a good idea to have a fire extinguisher or at least a glass of water handy. Hand sanitizer fire is an adult-only project. Fun Fire Projects If you liked making fire using hand sanitizer, try these related flame science experiments. How to Breathe Fire, Safely: Using a nonflammable, edible chemical to breathe fire.Handheld Fireballs: Water is the key ingredient to creating a flame cool enough to hold.Make Green Fire: You can use the same chemical to color hand sanitizer flames.More Fire Projects: Were just getting started!

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Significance of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright

Significance of the Court Case of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright was argued on January 15, 1963 and decided on March 18, 1963. Facts of Gideon v. Wainwright Clarence Earl Gideon was accused of stealing from the Bay Harbor Pool Room in Panama City, Florida on June 3, 1961. When he asked for a court appointed counsel, he was denied this because according to Florida law, court appointed counsel was only provided in the case of a capital offense. He represented himself, was found guilty, and was sent to prison for five years. Fast Facts: Gideon v. Wainwright Case Argued: Jan. 15, 1963Decision Issued: March 18, 1963Petitioner: Clarence Earl GideonRespondent: Louie L. Wainwright, Director, Division of CorrectionsKey Question: Does the Sixth Amendments right to counsel in criminal cases extend to felony defendants in state courts?Majority Decision: Justices Black, Warren, Brennan, Stewart, White, Goldberg, Clark, Harlan, DouglasDissenting: NoneRuling: The Supreme Court ruled that under the  Sixth Amendment, states must  provide an attorney to any defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. While in prison, Gideon studied in the library and prepared a handwritten Writ of Certiorari that he sent to the United States Supreme Court claiming that he had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to an attorney: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. (Italics Added) The Supreme Court led by Chief Justice Earl Warren agreed to hear the case. They assigned Gideon a future Supreme Court justice, Abe Fortas, to be his attorney. Fortas was a prominent Washington DC attorney. He successfully argued Gideons case, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Gideons favor. It sent his case back to Florida to be retried with benefit  of a public attorney. Five months after the Supreme Court ruling, Gideon was retried. During the retrial, his attorney, W. Fred Turner, was able to show that the chief witness against Gideon was possibly one of the lookouts for the burglary itself. After only one hours deliberation, the jury found Gideon not guilty. This historic ruling was immortalized in 1980 when Henry Fonda took on the role of Clarence Earl Gideon in the movie Gideons Trumpet. Abe Fortas was portrayed by Josà © Ferrer and Chief Justice Earl Warren was played by John Houseman. Significance of Gideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright overruled the previous decision of Betts v. Brady (1942). In this case, Smith Betts, a farm worker in Maryland had asked for counsel to represent him for a robbery case. Just as with Gideon, this right was denied him because the state of Maryland would not provide attorneys except in capital case. The Supreme Court decided by a 6-3 decision that a right to an appointed counsel was not required in all cases in order for an individual to receive a fair trial and due process in state trials. It was basically left up to each state to decide when it would provide public counsel. Justice Hugo Black dissented and wrote the opinion that if you were indigent you had an increased chance of conviction. In Gideon, the court stated that the right to an attorney was a fundamental right ​for a fair trial. They stated that due to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, all states would be required to provide counsel in criminal cases. This significant case created the need for additional public defenders. Programs were developed in states around the country to help recruit and train public defenders. Today, the number of cases defended by public defenders is huge. For example, in 2011 in Miami Dade County, the largest of the 20 Florida Circuit Courts, approximately 100,000 cases were assigned to Public Defenders.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Mitigation and Response Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mitigation and Response Plan - Research Paper Example The first priority of this program is to protect the America from terrorist attacks and coercion. Second on the list is to ensure secure national borders both the south and the North. Moreover it ensures laws governing immigration are followed to later. This department prosecutes those who go against the country laws. And finally, it assists communities to plan, respond and recuperate from disasters.DHS believes in the homeland security enterprise. This refers to the collective responsibility of Federal, state, local, tribal, private sector entities, non-governmental organizations, individuals and communities to beef up security abilities. These parties share a common interest in safeguarding and assuring security to the American population. Existence of sophisticated communication network between these parties and agencies provides crucial information that step up security measures across the country’s borders (Jean, 2003). Essentially, the ultimate goal of DHS is to ensure a safe homeland where citizens are assured of their liberties and protection of their privacy.DHS is among the most crucial element of the national enterprise. This department possesses unique abilities and responsibilities in securing and managing borders and systems of immigration.DHS undertakes leadership and stewardship roles in areas relating to critical infrastructure protection and emergency management On the other hand, DHS in liaison with other departments and agencies have key roles and responsibilities to undertake on areas like defense, diplomacy and counterterrorism. Some of these departments or agencies include justice, Defense and state, the National Counterterrorism Center and Federal Bureau of Investigation. On policy making, the white house plays a key role in giving direction and helps in coordinating (Jean, 2003). This plan intends to explicitly outline mitigation and response actions towards averting a terrorist crime on borders and the possible measures and effe ctive strategic plan to be embraced to manage risks on the national borders. It is notable that chapter 2, subsection 6 of the USA constitution provides that, the main responsibility is to defend the United States of America and its territories. Some of the risks that face the United States today, include Al-Qaeda and global terrorism, wide-scale cyber attacks, pandemics and major accidents, illicit trafficking and smaller scale terrorist attacks (Jean, 2003). This plan intends to use Al-Qaeda and Taliban global terrorist attack as an example of a crisis in this case study. Terrorist attack has become a major shock wave in the United States of America. Focus on the plan‘s suitability and efficiency on mitigating and responding to the crisis shall be considered. There has been several Al-Qaeda and Taliban attempted attacks on America before and after 11 2001.For instance, on 12 October 2000. Al-Qaeda attacked the USS Cole in Yemen. This incident occurred on the port of Aden. On e year Later this al-Qaeda directed a very serious attack on several buildings in America, which left many people dead. This remains memorable and listed among the worst terrorist attack in the world. After the 2001 terrorist attack, al-Qaeda has since then directed attacks

Friday, October 18, 2019

Financial Regulation and Supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Regulation and Supervision - Essay Example The paper tells that Andrews Pick & Mix should seek to put in place relevant PCI DSS compliance measure according to its level of operations, and accept to offer credit and debit card payments, which would go a long way in enhancing its online retail business. Credit and debit card services are advantageous in that, they enable the business to verify and accept payments from a variety of major debit cards, credit cards, traditional checks, and electronic checks. The business is also able to accept payments from anywhere, since transactions are processed online at any remote location all over the world given internet connectivity. Moreover, the services will enable entry of information manually incase sales and purchases are done in physical retail outlets. Andrews Pick & Mix would also be able to get protection from fraudulent activities that are rampant in transactions made over the internet. Credit and debit card services consequently offer security protection through modern encryp tion utilities to give customers assurance and confidence when transacting and processing their personal credit and debit card information. The service security measures focus on the use of VeriSign SSL Certificate that does not require individuals to separately purchase certificates, as well as Address Verification Service that would help them in protecting fraudulent credit card application. When deciding on whether to accept the bank’s offer, Andrews Pick & Mix retailers need to analyze which card of credit and debit card payment solutions are relevant with respect to the merchant account they had with the company. If need be, the company may process alternative merchant accounts with the bank with regards to what is convenient to them, since the online income was only a small part of their turnover, although it provided a wider access to their portfolio of products. These particular aspects are critical for decision making on the kind of credit and debit payment solutions they will put in place. Moreover, Andrews Pick & Mix retailers had their own web servers hosted and managed by a design agency that had developed and customized their online payment application, which was integrated with a third-party provider of credit and debit card transaction processing facilities. However, Andrews Pick & Mix were not completely aware of the level of charges for different types of transaction and the precise contractual obligations they had adopted, as well as the potential risks involved. Their services had client’s payment card details being entered on the retailer's website, while other orders were being accepted by fax, telephone, and physical shop where payments could be made with a point-of-sale card terminal. The retailer needs to comprehensively put into consideration a broad range of aspects such as the average approval rating, cost per month, customer service, account set up time, point of sale options, start up costs, and internet based featur es (Segel, 2008). Average approval rating evaluates percentage of applicants approved, the application fees, and speed of processing the application. Ideal service provisions seek to target high rates of approval at no fee with

IT privacy protection, first mover and follower advantages Essay

IT privacy protection, first mover and follower advantages - Essay Example s of privacy policies, after selecting the websites it will discuss privacy policy features of those websites, than it will analyse the availability of those privacy features and will rank them accordingly, and, in the end, the study will provide a brief conclusion. Privacy protection utility is a privacy feature which removes the track of your move. Everything you do leaves tracks behind, it includes each and every activity such as browsing on the web, watching video, and shopping online. Privacy protection utility removes all tracks, in this way the user is safe and the browser stability and performance are increased. By default, on websites such as on social network websites, user’s information such as user’s id, username, networks, profile picture, and gender are publically available to the applications and advertisements; this option allows the user to control the information share setting with applications and advertisements. This safety option allows the user to clean up all the browsing data on the website; it increases the browser stability and allows the user to stay away from all the misuse of browsing records. Everything you browse on a specific websites leaves tracks; option allows the user to clean all the history. When you visit a website for a purchase, watching video, or just browsing, websites store user’s basic information and purchase or browsing behaviors in a cookie on the user PC and personalize website experiences for the visitors to make the website more attractive for users and to increase the website visits. This may be harmful as there is a risk of interruption and modification by other users which may result in wrong use of information and can create a source of tension and loss for the user. Most browsers accept all cookies by default. Cookie manager is a safety feature which allows the user to control the cookie settings (Alwang, 2001). Email is exposed to electronic dangers when it passes through different Internet

Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates Essay

Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates - Essay Example Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates The articles were similar in that both used samples of pretern infants and neither one directly targeted neonatal mortality of preterm infants. But, indirectly, they did. The first study was interested in how Kangaroo Care furthered breastfeeding after discharge from the hospital. This is because breastfeeding significantly reduces risk of illness and infant mortality. It follows logically then, that if Kangaroo Care can encourage longer breastfeeding, then it is a tool in reducing risk for illness and mortality in the preterm baby. The Norwegian study was interested in boosting the efficacy of Kangaroo care, by using another promising treatment, music therapy. The research assumptions are different in that the first one considered breastfeeding as a key to the reduced risk of preterm infants illness and mortality, while the Norwegian study hypothesized that the supplementation of Kangaroo Care would probably be important, and they collected physiological data which confirmed this. The findings for the first study were most significant for the very preterm infants, the most vulnerable of the babies. Those mothers who were still breastfeeeding 5 or 6 months after discharge from the hospital were those who had spent the most time doing Kangaroo Care with their baby, in the hospital. Kangaroo Care cayses breastfeeding to happen for a longer time over-all. Breastfeeding lowers the risk of infant mortality and contributes to good health, so these are pretty exciting findings, especially because the findings were strongest for the infants at most risk. That Kangaroo Care encourages continued breastfeeding is a finding confirmed by Gouchon et al. (Gouchon, Gregori, Picotto, Patrucco, Nangeroini, & Di Giulio, 2010) in their study with cesarean neonates. Gregson and Blackson (Gregson & Blackson, 2011) also conducted a research study which confirmed this finding on Kangaroo Care and improved breastfeeding rates and duration. The findings for the Norwegian study included decreased pulse rate, slowed respiration, increased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and more stable blood pressure for those neonates who received the dual

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics - Essay Example 17). FedEx moves more than 25million packages per day and they deliver approximately 6.5 billion packages each year (Shactman, 2012). The mission statement for FedEx is: FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related information services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx Corporation will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards (Farfan, 2012). Section 2: Analysis The type of ethical system that FedEx uses is a rights-based system. In their Code of Ethics (the Code), they emphasize the rights of the people, whether they are employees or customers. As an example, the Code is wr itten in regular language so that everyone can understand what is said. The Code also has typical questions and answers after each section so that anyone reading the Code can apply what the code says to specific situations. FedEx emphasizes that â€Å"Lawful and ethical behavior is critical to our continued success and is required†(FedEx, 2012, â€Å"Code† p.5) . The company also states that although the entire Code is important, there are some parts that will effect employees and contractors, while other parts of the Code may be more relevant to management. They have created a Code that is important for everyone to read, understand, and ask questions if they do not understand something. How the Code is Used and its Results The major aspects of the Code state that anyone who sees anything that is against the Code should report these instances. This seems to create challenges because some people may something they think is a violation and this may not be the case. Manag ement. Management is responsible for their own adherence to the Code, but they also are responsible to make sure that their employees are also adhering to the code. Managers are to be the example to all employees of both ethical and lawful behavior. The company believes that â€Å"Proper business conduct encourages loyalty from our team members† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 5). They expect managers to have a high level of positive conduct in every situation. Managers are expected to respect the company and its employees and to read and understand the Code on many levels. They are to take charge of their departments and take seriously any reports by their employees about Code violations. They are also supposed to make sure they take appropriate action when there are violations. Managers are also supposed to monitor the employees to anticipate any problems that may occur. As an example, they are to â€Å"anticipate, prevent, and detect† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 6 ) any violations within their departments. Employees. FedEx has in place a way for employees to complain if they see a violation of the Code. As an example, if an individual feels they have not been promoted because the manager is making a biased judgment instead of one made on merit, they can follow the protocol to have this assessed. Anything that happens in the workplace that they feel is against the Cod

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Interview - Essay Example The other similarity in the cultures of both countries is the mish-mash cultural diversity, where American culture comprises of cultural practices from different nationalities and ethnic groups, since America is an immigrant country, while the Kenyan culture comprises of a mixture of tribal cultures and cultures from different nationalities too. Nevertheless, while the American language culture is characterized by English as the predominant language, the Kenyan language culture is multilingual, comprising of 42 different spoken languages, in addition to English and Swahili which are the official Kenyan languages. The youth culture is another notable area that both the USA and Kenya shares a similarity. Despite the fact that Kenya is by way, too far to develop its economy to the level of the American economy, the advancement in education and technology in Kenya has been great especially in the last two decades. Consequently, the youths in Kenya are able to access the social media and other globally interactive platforms where the people share information and cultures internationally. As a result, the Kenyan youths have adapted a high percentage of the western culture, and most especially the American culture, such that the American youths are likely to feel at home while in Kenya. However, there are many aspects in which the culture of the USA and that of Kenya vary. Firstly, the family culture in the USA and in Kenya are very different, considering the fact that in USA, the family unit is basically the nuclear family, with the extended family not often living together. On the other hand, the Kenyan culture comprises of the extended family living together in the same homestead. Additionally, the family cultures in both countries vary in size, with the size of the nuclear family in Kenya being relatively bigger than that in the USA, having on average 2-4 children and 4-7 children respectively.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics - Essay Example 17). FedEx moves more than 25million packages per day and they deliver approximately 6.5 billion packages each year (Shactman, 2012). The mission statement for FedEx is: FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related information services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx Corporation will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards (Farfan, 2012). Section 2: Analysis The type of ethical system that FedEx uses is a rights-based system. In their Code of Ethics (the Code), they emphasize the rights of the people, whether they are employees or customers. As an example, the Code is wr itten in regular language so that everyone can understand what is said. The Code also has typical questions and answers after each section so that anyone reading the Code can apply what the code says to specific situations. FedEx emphasizes that â€Å"Lawful and ethical behavior is critical to our continued success and is required†(FedEx, 2012, â€Å"Code† p.5) . The company also states that although the entire Code is important, there are some parts that will effect employees and contractors, while other parts of the Code may be more relevant to management. They have created a Code that is important for everyone to read, understand, and ask questions if they do not understand something. How the Code is Used and its Results The major aspects of the Code state that anyone who sees anything that is against the Code should report these instances. This seems to create challenges because some people may something they think is a violation and this may not be the case. Manag ement. Management is responsible for their own adherence to the Code, but they also are responsible to make sure that their employees are also adhering to the code. Managers are to be the example to all employees of both ethical and lawful behavior. The company believes that â€Å"Proper business conduct encourages loyalty from our team members† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 5). They expect managers to have a high level of positive conduct in every situation. Managers are expected to respect the company and its employees and to read and understand the Code on many levels. They are to take charge of their departments and take seriously any reports by their employees about Code violations. They are also supposed to make sure they take appropriate action when there are violations. Managers are also supposed to monitor the employees to anticipate any problems that may occur. As an example, they are to â€Å"anticipate, prevent, and detect† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 6 ) any violations within their departments. Employees. FedEx has in place a way for employees to complain if they see a violation of the Code. As an example, if an individual feels they have not been promoted because the manager is making a biased judgment instead of one made on merit, they can follow the protocol to have this assessed. Anything that happens in the workplace that they feel is against the Cod

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

CMOS memory Essay Example for Free

CMOS memory Essay 1. Search the internet for information on â€Å"CMOS memory† and answer the following questions: How has CMOS memory changed over the years? Has the size of the CMOS memory increased, decreased, or stayed the same? CMOS memory was originally used in the early days to store semi-permanent data stored in chips. The speeds have increased and the noise has been reduced it also went from analog to digital. With technological advancement over the years, it now uses flash memory, which is a form of EEPROM instead of chips. The size of the CMOS memory changes on how it is set. It either can be added or reduced from the computer. However, these changes cause the computer to report a memory size mismatch. The size of the CMOS memory has also pretty much stayed the same because there is no need to increase the size. There was never any need to store more than 512 bytes in the memory as it holds the absolute basic boot settings for the system. The typical size is still 512 bytes currently. 2. Determine if the CMOS still utilizes RAM, requiring a battery on the motherboard, or has evolved into using EEPROM. There are still CMOS that use a battery on the mother board but EEPROM is more popular today. CMOS has since evolved from using a RAM to using EEPROM. Its a long name for a small chip that holds bits of data code that can be rewritten and erased by an electrical charge, one byte at a time. Its data cannot be selectively rewritten; the entire chip must be erased and rewritten to update its contents.

Monday, October 14, 2019

UCA1 in Cisplatin Induced Ovarian Cancer Cell Resistance

UCA1 in Cisplatin Induced Ovarian Cancer Cell Resistance The Expression of Long Non-coding RNA UCA1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Role in Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Vitro Running title: UCA1 in cisplatin induced ovarian cancer cell resistance Highlights Increasing expression of UCA1 RNA was found in ovarian cancer tissues. UCA1 can increase the cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance. The effect of UCA was extended through targeting SRPK1 and apoptosis related pathway. Abstract Objective: The therapeutic potential of cisplatin in ovarian cancer treatment is limited by the occurrence of cellular resistance. To explore the role of long non-coding RNA UCA1 in cisplatin induced ovarian cancer cell resistance. Methods: Twenty-four ovarian cancer tissues and sixteen normal tissues were used to assess the expression of UCA1 RNA. After expression UCA1 in SKOV3 cells, the cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance was assessed. Furthermore, the related mechanism was also explored. In addition, SRPK1 knockdown cell line was established and the effect of SRPK1 on cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance was also evaluated. Results: The increased expression of UCA1 RNA was identified in 24 ovarian cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. Expression of UCA1 RNA in SKOV3 cells increased the cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance. Alternated expression of SRPK1 and apoptosis related proteins were found in SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 cells. The effect of UCA1 expression on cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance was reversed by knocking-down SRPK1 in SKOV3 cells. Conclusions: Increasing expression of UCA1 RNA was found in ovarian cancer tissues. UCA1 can increase the cell migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance. The effect of UCA was extended through targeting SRPK1 and apoptosis related pathway. Key words: Long non-coding RNA, UCA1, SRPK1, cisplatin resistance, cell migration, invasion Introduction Ovarian cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer in the world, and causes more deaths per year than any other the female reproductive system related cancer(1). More than 200,000 cases are newly diagnosed and 120,000 women die of ovarian cancer annually all over the world(2). Platinum based chemotherapy is active in ovarian cancer treatment. However, intrinsic or acquired cellular resistance to cisplatin is encountered regularly and severely limits the therapeutic potential of the drug(3). Multiple biological processes, such as dose accumulation, metabolism, apoptosis, DNA damage, are involved in the mechanisms of cellular resistance(4). Conquering cisplatin resistance remains therefore a critical goal for anticancer therapy and considerable efforts have been undertaken to solve this problem throughout the past three decades. Previous studies have shown that serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase 1(SRPK1) and apoptosis related protein are closely related with cisplatin resistance. SRPK1 is a kinase which belongs to SR kinase family (5). Through regulating the phosphorylation of SR splicing factors, SRPK1 can afftect the pre-mRNA splicing and consequently gene expression (6). Increasing attentions have been paid on the role of SRPK1 in cisplatin resistance(7-8). The apoptosis resistance induced by anticancer drug treatment has been suggested as another important mechanism in cellular resistance(4). More and more studies have shown that abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in tumor development and progression(9). In a previous study, we obtained lncRNA UCA1 using RACE and found that higher expression of lncRNA UCA1 in bladder tumor tissues than normal tissues(10). Here, we tried to assess the expression of UCA1 and SRPK1 in ovarian cancer tissue and normal tissue using RT-PCR and explore the role of UCA1 in cisplatin induced ovarian cancer cell resistance. Our results might provide theoretical basis for chemotherapy selection in clinic and a novel cisplatin resistance related target was also suggested. Methods and materials Cell culture, Patients and Ovarian tumor specimens The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO2 incubator in RPMI-1640 media with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100  µg/ml streptomycin. Flash frozen tissue specimens (n= 40) were obtained from patients undergoing debulking surgery for ovarian cancer at People’s hospital of Shaanxi Providence, Shaanxi, China from January 2010 to January 2013. Among the specimens, epithelial ovarian cancer (n=24) were obtained from primary lesion of the patients without radiochemotherapy while normal ovarian samples (n= 16) were obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomies for benign conditions. The pathological examination on all tissues was confirmed by two experienced physician. Written consent was provided by each patient and the whole protocol was proved by the Review Board of the hospital. Reverse transcription PCR analysis Total RNA extraction of cancer tissue or cells were performed with Trizol (Life Tech, US) and the reverse transcription reaction were performed with ImProm II reverse transcriptase(Promega, US) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. UCA1, SRPK1, 18S rRNA specific sequences were amplified during 30 cycles of 30 s denaturing at 95 °C, 60 s annealing at 57 °C, and 60 s extension at 72 °C, with the primers listed in Table 1. Table 1 Primer sequences used in the study Name Forward primer Reverse primer UCA1 CTCTCCATTGGGTTCACCATTC GCGGCAGGTCTTAAGAGATGAG SRPK1 TAACGGACCACTGGACAACAAA TTCCTGCGACCACTCATACTTC 18S rRNA CAGCCACCCGAGATTGAGCA TAGTAGCGACGGGCGGTGTG UCA1 (full length) CGGGATCCTGACATTCTTCTGGACAATGAG CCGGAATTCGCATATTAGCTTTAATGTAGGTGGC Expression of UCA1 in SKOV3 cells The full length of UCA1 was expanded by PCR (The primer was showed in Table 1) at an annealing temperature of 53  °C. After digested with BamHI and EcoRI, the PCR fragment was subcloned into pcDNA3.1 to construct the pcDNA-UCA plasmid. Transient transfection of cells with plasmid was performed with Lipofectamine ® 2000 (Life Tech, US). Twenty-four hours later, G418 selection(500  µg/mL) was processed for 3 weeks. The characterization of the positive clone was confimed by RT-PCR. The pcDNA3.1 without UCA1 fragment was used as negative control. RNAi The shRNA sequences of SRPK1 were obtained according to previous description(11). SH1 and SH3, encoding shRNA targeting nucleotides 1423 to 1443 (GGTCAGTCATTCAGTGAACAA) and 288 to 308 (CAAGAAGATCCTAATGATTA), respectively, of the SRPK1 mRNA, were processed with annealing, subcloning into PRNAT-U6.1/Neo plasmid (GenScrpt Corp., Piscataway, NJ, US), plasmid expansion and media amount extraction. Transient transfection of cells with plasmid was performed with Lipofectamine ® 2000 (Life Tech, US) and 3 different batch of cells were used for knockdown efficacy examination. Stable cell lines were obtained by G418 selection for 3 weeks. The expression of SRPK1 was confirmed by western-blot analysis. Western-blot analysis The frozen myocardial tissues were lysed in RIPA buffer (Beyotime, China), followed by high speed centrifugation and BCA quantification. Cellular protein was separated by electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE gel and then transferred onto PVDF membrane. After blocking, the blots were incubated with the antibodies to SRPK1 (BD), Bcl-2 (Cell Signaling Technology), BAX (Cell Signaling Technology), caspase-3(Cell Signaling Technology), aspase-3(Cell Signaling Technology). And ÃŽ ²-Actin(Cell Signaling Technology) was used as loading control. The appropriate HPR conjugated secondary antibodies were applied. The protein bands detected with SuperSignal Ultra Chemiluminescent Substrate (Pierce) on X-ray films (Koda). MTT After preparing the single cell suspension, 4Ãâ€"103 cells in 100 ÃŽ ¼L culture media were seeded in 96-well plate in quadruplicate overnight. MTT was added for 4 hr, and formazan dye was dissolved with DMSO and read at 490 nm in a microplate reader (Molecular Device, US). All the experiments were performed for three times. Clonogenic Survival Assay Cells (5Ãâ€"102) were seeded in 6-well plates overnight and incubated with RPMI1640 + 10%FBS + 500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml G418 for 14 day. After removing the media, cells were washed with PBS, fixed with 95% ethanol for 30 min and stained with Giemsa for 15 min. Colonies with >50 cells were counted under microscope. Percentage cell survival is expressed relative to untreated control. Scratch assay 3.0Ãâ€"105 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and the cells were allowed to grow until 90% confluence was reached. Then the cells were grown in 0.2% FBS RPMI1640 media overnight for resting and a scratch was made by using the 200 ÃŽ ¼L pipette tip. The photos were taken at 0 h and 24 h under a microscopy and the relative migrating distances of the wound areas were measured on the images. 3-D migration and Invasion assay Cells (5Ãâ€"105) were seeded in triplicate in upper chamber of the Millicell (8 ÃŽ ¼m pore diameter) which was pre-coated with Matrigel (Becton Dickinson Labware, Bedford, MA). After the lower chamber of the Millicell was added with 900 ÃŽ ¼L RPMI 1640 +20% FBS, the Millicell was incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 24 hrs. Then the Matrigel was removed by cotton tip, fixed with 95% ethanol for 30 min, stained with Giemsa staining. The membrane was checked with microscopy. The migration assay was similar with invasion assay but with 12 hr incubation time. Cisplatin resistance assay Cells (3Ãâ€"104) were seeded in quadruplicate in 24-well plate and allowed to adhere overnight. Then the cells were treated with serious concentration of cisplatin(0,2.5,5,10, 20,40,80 ÃŽ ¼M) for 48 hr. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay at 490 nm wavelength. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS13.0 software. The results were presented as means  ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to examine the differences between groups. P Results The expression of UCA 1 RNA and SRPK1 mRNA in ovarian tissues Twenty-four ovarian epithelial cancer tissue and sixteen normal ovarian tissue was used to assess the UCA1 and SRPK1 expression. And we found higher expression of UCA 1 RNA and SRPK1 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue while no significant expression of UCA1 and SRPK1 was found in normal ovarian tissue(Figure 1A). The effect of UCA1 RNA expression on SKVO3 migration and invasion Cell lines establishing After constructing of pcDNA-UCA1, the stable cell lines with or without UCA1 RNA expression were established. The positive control was confirmed by RT-PCR and the result showed that a length of 1442 bp UCA1 RNA was expanded from SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 while no UCA1 was found in negative control SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1(Figure 1B). 2-D and 3-D Migration and invasion assay The scratch assay suggested that cell migration ability of SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 was significantly increased that of SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1(Figure 1C). The 3-D migration and invasion assay with millicell chamber showed that the migration and invasion abilities were significantly increased in SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 cell than SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1 cells(Figure 2A). Cisplatin resistance assay The cisplatin resistance assay was performed with SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 and SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1 cells by MTT. Increased cisplatin resistance was found in SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 cell. The IC50 of SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 cells increased 2.41 times than that of SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1 cells(Figure 2B). Western blot analysis of SRPK1 and apoptosis pathway To explore the mechanism we analyzed the expression of SRPK1, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 and SKOV3/pcDNA 3.1 cells and found that increased expression of SRPK1 and Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in SKOV3/pcDNA-UCA1 cells (Figure 2C). The effect of SRPK1 knockdown on SKOV3 cells Knockdown cell line establishing The knockdown efficacy of pRNAT-SH1 and pRNAT-SH3 were firstly examined by transient transfestion and western-blot. And the results showed that SKOV3/ pRNAT-SH3 was extend a better effect of knocking down SRPK1 (Figure 3A1). Stable cell lines of SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 and SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1 were also established and the effect of pRNAT-SH3 on SRPK1 knockdown was showed in Figure 3A2. The proliferation, colongenic, migration, invasion abilities of SRPK1 knockdown The result of MTT assay was showed that decreased proliferation was found in SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3(Figure 3B). The colongenic ability of SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 was significantly decreased than that of SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1(Figure 3C). The 3-D migration and cell invasion assay showed that the cell migration and invasion were decreased in SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 cells than SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1 cells(Figure 4A). Cisplatin resistance assay The cisplatin resistance assay was performed with SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 and SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1 cells by MTT. Increased cisplatin resistance was found in SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 cell. The IC50 of SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 cells was increased 2.64 times than that of SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1 cells(Figure 4B). Western blot analysis of SRPK1 and apoptosis pathway To explore the mechanism we analyzed the expression of SRPK1, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 and SKOV3/pRNAT-U6.1 cells and found that increased expression of SRPK1 and Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in SKOV3/pRNAT-SH3 cells (Figure 4C). Discussion The lnc RNA UCA1 was cloned in our lab using SMAT-RACE from the bladder cancer cell line BLZ-211. And UCA1 RNA showed an expression pattern of increasing expression in early stage of human embryonic development, differential expression at 28 week of embryonic development, no expression in normal adult tissues. However, the expression of UCA1 RNA was increased in bladder cancer tissues(10). In addition, the increasing expression of UCA1 RNA than the normal or para-carcinoma tissueswas also found in breast cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer and so on(12). We didn’t observe an obvious expression of UCA1 RNA in normal tissues and did observe the expression of UCA1 RNA in ovarian cancer tissues. This suggested UCA1 RNA may extent a critical role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. The previous study showed that the abilities of cell proliferation, cisplatin resistance, invasion and migration were increased in bladder cancer cell line(13). Yang et al showed that UCA1 can regulate the cell cycle through CREB and PI3K pathway(14). Wang et al found that overexpression of UCA1a(also named as CUDR) in bladder cancer cells would increase the abilities of cell proliferation, invasion and cisplatin resistance and decrease cell apoptosis(15). Wing et al showed that increased expression of UCA1a could increase the cellular resistance and decrease the apoptosis in A431 squamous cancer cells. However, the mechanism is still unknown(16). The cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer is the main cause of tumor recurrence and the failure of chemotherapy. The mechanisms of cisplatin resistance included dose accumulation of the drug, metabolism, apoptosis and DNA damage and it is a complicate process of multi-factor, multi-level and multi-gene. SKOV3 was used to assess the cisplatin resistance effect in ovarian cancer. We established SKOV3 cell lines expressing UCA1 RNA and found that cell abilities of migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance were increased, which was consistent with the results obtained from the bladder cancer cell lines. Since SRPK1 was proved to involve in the cisplatin resistance(17-18), we also tried to analyze the association between UCA1 RNA and SRPK1. And the western blot results showed that increased expression of SRPK1 and Bcl-2 while decreased expression of Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9. SRPK1 is specific kinase belonged to SR family. It can specifically phosphorylate the SR splice factor and regulate the gene expression by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA of target gene(6). Hayes et al found decreased expression of SRPK1 in pancreas, colon and breast cancer could lead to increasing and decreasing expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. The decreasing on cell proliferation and increasing on cell apoptosis were found (19). Furthermore, increased sensitivities of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin were also found (11, 19). In order to confirm whether SRPK1 is involved in the mechanism of UCA1 regulating ovarian cancer proliferation and migration, we employed RNAi to decrease the expression of SRPK1 and found that increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 after downregulating the expression of SRPK1. In addition, we found the increasing abilities on cell proliferation, migration and invasion after SRPK1 knockdown. In conclusion, we found UCA1 RNA may increasing of cell proliferation, decreasing apoptosis and lead to the cisplatin resistance by increasing the expression of SRPK1 and affecting the expression of apoptosis related proteins(such as Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9). Our results will add novel insight on cisplatin resistance and provide novel molecular target to the treatment.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Lord of the Flies Essay -- essays papers

Lord of the Flies The main theme of Lord of the Flies is that moral nature is not instinctive in mankind. There is a capacity for evil in all people, and their morality is superficial. Nonetheless, it is this moral integrity that must continue in order for a person to be ethical, for society to be maintained, and to keep society from falling in on itself. Society holds everyone together. Without the rules and the structure, evil in everyone becomes more prominent, and ideals, values, and basics of right and wrong are forgotten. Without society's rigid rules, chaos and savagery come to light. There are also a number of secondary themes in the book such as: people will abuse power when it is not earned; people will degrade others to heighten their own sense of security; the fear of the unknown is powerful; it can make you turn to insight or hysteria. All of the themes are shown using symbolism. A group of young boys are in a plane that crashes on a deserted island where the current appears to be flowing backwards. The island is a microcosm representing the world, and the current gives the impression that civilization might be going backward for the island or its inhabitants. Young boys were probably chosen because they would have had less time to be moulded by society, and their individual characteristics would be more prominent. The first two characters to appear are Piggy and Ralph. They are both probably about twelve years old. Ralph is an attractive boy, "built like a boxer." His name, Anglo-Saxon in origin, means "counsel." He, along with Piggy, depicts the struggle for order and democracy. He illustrates law, order, organized society, and moral integrity. He knows right from wrong, and he is constantly m... ...eans. He tells Samneric where he plans to hide, but they end up telling Jack. Jack decides to set fire to the island to force Ralph out of hiding. Jack was the perpetrator of all three deaths that happened on the island. He systematically removes forces opposing him. Ralph realizes that man is not a kind creature by nature. Just as the Savages find Ralph and they are about to kill him, he bumps into a Naval officer who saw the smoke from the fire and came to rescue them. It's ironic that the fire that was meant for death actually saved them. However, now all the events that happened in the story are transferred to the shoulders of the officer. He rescues the children who are in the middle of a manhunt, and takes them away on his ship. It is precisely the same thing, as he is also involved in a manhunt. He was able to save the children, but who will save him?